ABSTRACT
Four new prenylflavonoid glycosides, namely koreanoside H-K (1-4), together with eleven known ones (5-15) were isolated from the leaves of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR and UV. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives. It is worth noting that compound 3 and compound 4 were elucidated to contain fucose and quinovose moieties, which were two extremely rare sugar units from the genus Epimedium. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity of the new compounds was evaluated using A549 cell line. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 showed significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Epimedium/chemistry , Glycosides/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistryABSTRACT
Ocotillol (OT)-type ginsenosides, one subtype of ginsenosides, consist of a dammarane skeleton and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Most naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides exist in Panax species, particularly in Panax quinquefolius, which may be attributed to the warm and humid climate of its native areas. Till now, merely 28 types of naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides have been isolated. In contrast, semi-synthesized OT-type ginsenosides are attracted considerable attentions. These ginsenosides can be obtained through oxidation and cyclization of side chains of dammarane-type ginsenosides, and other methods, which may change their physical and chemical properties and further improve their bioavailabilities. It is also notable that the pharmacological activities of ginsenosides are closely related to the stereoisomers caused by the configuration at C-20. Semi-synthesis of OT-type ginsenosides can facilitate our understanding of the biosynthesis, transformation and metabolism of OT-type ginsenosides in the body. This review will systematically summarize the research progress on naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic OT-type ginsenosides, which provides a theoretical basis for their bioactivity-guided research.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Cimicifuga dahurica (Ranunculaceae) has many bioactivities. Although there have been intensive studies for saponin constituents at present, only a few studies have focused on for chemical constituents of phenolic acid. To define the phenolic acid constituents,C. dahurica was separated, and the structures of the compounds were identified,in the expectation of providing a basis for its further development,utilization and quality control. Method: A total of 16 kg rhizome of C. dahurica was extracted with 70%ethanol for three times by heating reflux. These 3 extracts were decompressed and concentrated,and then dissolved in water. Then the solvent was successively extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate(EtOAc) and n-butanol(BuOH). The components of EtOAc and water extract were isolated and purified by macroporous,silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,preparative HPLC and recrystallization,and the structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and physicochemical analysis etc. Result: Fifteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate and water fractions,and identified as cimicifugic G (1),2-caffeoyl piscidic acid (2),cimicifugic A (3),cimicifugic B (4),caffeic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),cimicifugic E (6),cimicifugic F (7),trans-ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),carboxymethyl isoferulate (9),3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (10),ethyl ferulate (11),caffeic ester glucoside (12),shomaside A (13),isoferulic acid (14),caffeic acid (15). Conclusion: Compounds 1-7,9-10,13 were isolated from the plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of the rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel, so as to find new active compounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ethanol extracts of the rhizome of Anemone raddeana were obtained by silica column, HPLC. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of physico-chemical method and spectral analysis (IR, FAB-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 27-hydroxyolean-12(13)-en-28-oic acid-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1), eleutheroside K (2), Oleanolic acid-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (3), betulin (4), betulic acid (5), acetyloleamolic acid (6), evonymitol (7), oleamolic acid (8) and diosgenin (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, named raddeanoside 12. Compounds 3-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>